3. Who is Emmanuel Goldstein? - 1984

There is a book called The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, which is written by Emmanuel Goldstein. In the book two of chapter nine, O’Brien is giving a copy of Goldstein’s illegal book and Winston reads it. He examines the book and notes, “A heavy black volume, amateurishly bound, with no name or title on the cover. The print also looked slightly irregular. The pages were worn at the edges, and fall apart easily, as though the book had passed through many hands. The inscription on the title – page ran: The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism by Emmanuel Goldstein.” In the first chapter of book, Goldstein discussed the existence of the three classes of men – the High, the Middle, and the Low. He explains how the power works in different positions. The High is ones who rule the societies, the Middle is ones who work for and support the High, and the Low is ones who try to survive. These classes work cyclically and it will repeat over and over. He also explains meaning of the Party slogan and how it relates to the revolutionary in the societies.